MRSA Bacteria

This is a colored transmission electron micrograph of MRSA -Methicillin Resistance staptycoccus aureus. a gram positive, round (coccus) bacterium.
It is resistant to many commonly prescribed antibiotics. S.aureus is carried by around 30% of population without causing any symptoms. However in vulnerable people such as those that have recently had surgey, it can cause wound infection,pneumonia and blood poisoning.

CAUSES OF MRSA

Although the survival tactic of bacteria contribute to antibiotic resistant,human bears most of the responsibility for the problems. leading cause of antibiotic resistance includes

*Unnecesary antibiotic use in humans : Like other superbugs MRSA is also a result of decades of excessive and unnecesary use of antibiotics.Foryears antibiotics have been prescribed for cold, Flu and other viral infection that doesn't respond to these drugs as well as for simple bacterial infection that normally clear to their own.

* Antibiotics in food and water : Prescription drugs are not the only source of antibiotics.In the UNITED STATES the antibiotics can be found in beef cattle,pigs and chickens. The same antibiotics then find their way into municipal water system when the runoff from the feedlots contaminates stream and ground water. Routine feeding of antibiotics to animal is banned in EUROPEAN UNION and many other industrilized country.Antibiotics given in proper doses to animal who are sick doesn't appear to produce resistant bacteria.

*GERM MUTATION : Even when antibiotic are used appropriately,the contribute to the rise of drug resistant bacteria because they don't destroy even the germ they target.Bacteria live on a evolutionary fast track so germ that survive treatment with one antibiotic soon learn to resist other. And because bacteria mutate much more quickly than new drugs can be produced,some germs end upto resistant to just about everything.That's why only a handful of drugs are now more effective against most forms of staph.

RISK FACTORS IN MRSA

RISK FACTORS IN Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus


Because hospital and community strains of MRSA generall occurs in different setting,the risk factor for the two strains difer.
Risk factor for HA( hospital accquried) MRSA include :

* A current or recent hospitalization : MRSA remains a concern in hospitals,where it can extract the most vulnerable older adult and people with wekend immune system,burns,surgical wounds, or surgical wounds or serious underlyng health problems.A 2007 report from TheAssociation for Professional infection control and epidermiology estimated that 1.2 billion hospital patients are infected with MRSA each year in united states.they had also estimated that approx 432000 are colonizes with it.

* Residing in a long term care facility :- MRSA is far more prevalent in these facilities than it is in hospitals.carriers of MRSA have aaility to spread it even if they are not sick.
*Invansive devices : people who are on dialysis, are catherized or having feeding tubes or other invansive devices are at higher risk.

*Recent antibiotic use: Treatment with fluroquinolones (ciproflaxin,ofloxafcin or levoflaxin) or cephalosporin antibiotics can increase the risk of HA-MRSA.



The main risk factors for CA-MRSA are



*Young age: CA-MRSA can be paticularly dangerous in childerns.Often entering the body through a cut or scrap,MRSA can quicky cause a wide spread infection.children may be susseptible because their immune system aren't fully developed or they don't yet have antibodies to common germs.

*Participating in contact sport : CA-MRSA have spread in both amatuer and professional sport's team. The bacteria spreads eaisly through cuts and abrasion and skin to skin contact.
Also sharing towel and atheletic equipments can increase the risk of CA-MRSA.

* Having a weekend immune system: People with weekend immune system including those living with HIV/AIDS are more likely to have severe CA-MRSA.

* Association with health care workers: People who are in close contacts in health care workers are at increased risk of serious staph infection

Clinical presentation & concern of MRSA

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MRSA-Methicillian resistant staphylococcus aureus

hello friends
thinking na that about what I m talking????? friends this is pic of staph infection .

In this blog of mine i m here to warn u about MRSA and other vital disease which looks small but can cause great harm to mankind...
first of all I would like to share with u about MRSA infection i.e Methicillian-Resistant Staphylococcus Aurens.
S.aureus bacteria is known for causing skin infection in adition to many other types of infections.
Decades ago, a strain of staph emerged in hospital that was resistant to broad spectrum antibiotics commomnly used to treat it.
Dubbed Methicillian Resistant Staphylococcus Aurens(MRSA), it was one of the first germ to outwit all but the most powerful drug.MRSA infections can be fatal.Staph bacteria is found in skin or in the nose of one-third of population.If you have staph on your skin or in your nose and you are not sick then you are said to be "colonized" but not infected with MRSA.Healthy people can be colonized with MRSA and have no ill effects.However they can pass germs to others.
There are other designation in the scientific literature for these bacteria acording to where the bacteria are accquired by patients such as community accquired MRSA(CA-MRSA which is responsible for many skin and soft tissue infection and can form a serious form of pneumonia) or epidemic MRSA(EMRSA).

Although S.Aureus is causing infection as long as human race has existed,MRSA has relatively short history.
MRSA was first noted in 1961,about two years after the antibiotic methicillian was used to treat S.Aurens and other infectious bacteria.Even this is resistant to numerous antibiotics of beta-lactum family including methicillian and penicillian.
The resistance to methicillian is due to a penicillian binding protein coded for by a mobile genetic element termed the methicillian resistant gene(mec-A).In ecent year the gene has continued to evolve so that many MRSA strain are currently resistant to several different antibiotics. S.Aurens is sometime termed as superbug due to it's ability to become resistant to several antibiotics.
One major problem with MRSA is that occasionaly skin infection can spread to almost any other organ in the body.When this happens more severe symptoms appears.MRSA spread to internal organ can become life -"threatning.fever,chills,low blood pressures,joint pain,sevre headache,shortness of breadth and rash" over most of the body are symptoms that neds immediate medical attention,especially when associated with skin infections

now let us see about scientific classification of MRSA

Domian : bacteria
kingdom : bacteria
Phylum : firmicutis
class : bacilli
order: Bacilliales
family: staphylococcaceae
genus: staphylococcus
species: s.aureus
Binomial name: staphylococcus aureus

given by Rosenbach in 1884.


WHY MRSA IS SUDENLY IN NEWS???

A CDC report published in October 2007 issue of the Journal Of American Association suggested that MRSA infection are more prevalent than previously thought.This doesn't necesialy represent an increase in MRSA,however MRSA simply not been measured in this way before.At about the same time news report emerged of student staph infection and deaths in several states including the death of a previously healthy 17 year old football player in Moneta.The combination of those school event and the new data is doubly distressing especially for parents.